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• #22200 bkercso nagyúr Jancsi #22199

  Új Válasz 2013-05-26 00:41:04 #22200

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  bkercso

  nagyúr

  válasz Jancsi #22199 üzenetére

  SOSelectronic: BC547C / BC557C: ezek nagy bétájú, ONsemi tarnyók, hangra jobbak az 550/560-nál. 5-10 napot várni kell rá, de hát na bumm.

  Erről az oldalról regisztráció után letölthető egy mérés a diódák zajáról. Ide beteszem:

  Red LED noise (from DIYaudio forum):

  Noise measurements for LEDs and zener diodes
  --------------------------------------------

  (C) Christer at DiyAudio.com
  You are allowed to copy and use this information for your
  personal and non-commercial use.

  v. 1.3
  Added more devices. Introductory text not changed to reflect
  this.

  v. 1.4.
  Added new experiment (number 2) at the end.

  EXPERIMENT 1
  ============

  DESCRIPTION OF TEST RIG
  -----------------------

  The test rig uses three current sources of approx. 1, 5 and 20 mA
  built using low-noise BJTs (BC559) to feed the device under test
  (DUT) alternatingly. The noise was measured using two op amps in
  in non-inverting configuration cascaded, both having a gain of 34,
  making a gain of 1156 in total. The first op amp is a very-low-noise
  model (LT1115) and uses a gain resistor of only 10 Ohms in the feedback
  network. The gain resistor is thus 330 Ohms which works since the op
  amp is only expected to output very low-level signals. The second op
  amp is a low-noise type (NE5534) with gain and feedback resistors of
  100 Ohms and 3.3 kOhms. The output was measured using a PC soundcard
  (Creative Audigy LS in 16-bit 44.1 kHz mode). Each measurement consists
  of a 10 second capture of the soundcard input and the RMS value for
  this 10 s. signal was computed. The program was calibrated (using a
  sine wave and an oscilloscope) to give aprroximately correct voltage
  readings and all measurements were divided by 1156 to give the equivalent
  input RMS noise at the first op amp, ie. at the DUT. No extra filters
  except what is on the soundcard were used.

  TEST METHOD
  -----------

  A spectrum of LED types ranging from IR to blue and of approximately
  the same type were measured. All LEDS were selected to have an max
  If of at least 20 mA, since this current was used in the test. Further
  four 0.5W types of zener diodes were tested, two of them (5.6 and 6.8 V)
  were deliberately selected close to each other but such that the 5.6 V
  diode should be expected to have true zener breakdown and the 6.8 V one
  to have avalanche breakdown. The other two were selected to be far away
  from this "transition region". Two 1.3W zeners were also tested to see
  how the power rating affects noise figures.

  For each type of DUT, two devices (denoted #1 and #2 and presumably
  from the same batch) were tested at the three test currents 1, 5 and
  20 mA and the equivalent noise at the DUT was measured and calculated
  as described above. For each combination of device and current, five
  10-second measurements were made.

  For reference, the voltage drop at each test current
  was also measured for one device of each type.

  MEASUREMENTS
  ------------

  All values are RMS values, five measurements for each case.

  Idle noise:
  ----------------------------------------------------
  Measured idle noise of amplifier with grounded input:
  0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 uV
  (The theoretical max value was calculated to 0.16 uV for
  20kHz bandwidth and 0.22 uB for 40 kHz bandwidth).

  Measured idle noise of amplifier with 100 Ohm source resistor:
  0.26 0.25 0.24 0.26 0.26 uV
  (The theoretical max value was calculated to 0.20 uV for
  20kHz bandwidth and 0.28 uB for 40 kHz bandwidth).

  Diodes:
  ---------------------------------------------------

  1N4148 (unknown brand):
  #1 @ 1mA: 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.27 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.22 0.22 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.24 0.21 0.22 0.25 0.23 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 0.38 0.27 0.28 0.26 0.29 uV (Vf = 0.57 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 uV (Vf = 0.65 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.23 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.24 uV (Vf = 0.75 V)

  1N4004 (unknown brand):
  #1 @ 1mA: 0.31 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.26 0.24 0.26 0.26 0.25 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.27 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.23 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 0.29 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.26 uV (Vf = 0.55 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.29 0.24 0.25 0.23 0.23 uV (Vf = 0.62 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.22 uV (Vf = 0.71 V)

  LEDs:
  ----------------------------------------------------
  Brand is Everlight unless otherwise stated.

  IR204/P1 (IR):
  #1 @ 1mA: 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.67 0.66 0.65 0.66 0.66 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.23 0.23 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 uV (Vf = 1.05 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.65 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64 uV (Vf = 1.11 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.24 0.25 0.23 0.24 0.22 uV (Vf = 1.17 V)

  EL202HD (red):
  #1 @ 1mA: 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.32 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.27 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.39 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.37 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 0.39 0.37 0.38 0.38 0.35 uV (Vf = 1.82 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.31 uV (Vf = 1.89 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.41 0.40 0.41 0.41 0.46 uV (Vf = 2.09 V)

  EL1254HD/T2 (red):
  #1 @ 1mA: 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.34 0.35 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.30 0.29 0.31 0.32 0.30 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.51 0.56 0.54 0.55 0.53 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 0.53 0.42 0.39 0.41 0.40 uV (Vf = 1.82 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.30 0.30 0.31 0.29 0.29 uV (Vf = 1.90 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.43 uV (Vf = 2.17 V)

  L934ID/B (red):
  #1 @ 1mA: 0.29 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.28 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.27 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.24 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.39 0.32 0.29 0.48 0.29 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 0.34 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.27 uV (Vf = 1.64 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.24 0.25 uV (Vf = 1.72 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.30 0.25 0.27 0.30 0.28 uV (Vf = 1.89 V)
  (Brand is Kingbright)

  EL204ID (red-orange):
  #1 @ 1mA: 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.41 0.41 0.48 0.40 0.41 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 0.35 0.31 0.29 0.30 0.32 uV (Vf = 1.64 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.26 0.30 uV (Vf = 1.74 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.40 0.41 uV (Vf = 1.90 V)

  EL204YD (yellow):
  #1 @ 1mA: 0.42 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.28 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.33 0.27 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.42 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.40 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.31 uV (Vf = 1.78 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.28 0.47 0.28 0.26 0.25 uV (Vf = 1.87 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.34 0.34 uV (Vf = 2.02 V)

  EL204GD (green):
  #1 @ 1mA: 0.68 0.50 0.50 0.47 0.46 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.35 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.29 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 0.46 0.46 0.44 0.44 0.41 uV (Vf = 1.82 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.36 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.32 uV (Vf = 1.92 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.39 0.40 0.39 0.41 0.40 uV (Vf = 2.12 V)

  EL1254GD/T2 (green):
  #1 @ 1mA: 0.36 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.34 uV (Vf = 1.84 V)
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.40 0.40 0.38 0.41 0.40 uV (Vf = 1.96 V)
  #1 @ 20mA: 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.1 uV (Vf = 2.20 V)
  #2 @ 1mA: 0.46 0.41 0.36 0.37 0.39 uV (Vf = 1.82 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.41 0.42 0.35 0.34 0.31 uV (Vf = 1.93 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.48 0.50 0.48 0.50 0.51 uV (Vf = 2.27 V)
  (Measured Vf of both devices for potential correlation
  with differing noise figs. at 20 mA. Obviously no
  such correlation found.)

  EL204UBD (blue):
  #1 @ 1mA: 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.6 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 uV (Vf = 3.26 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 uV (Vf = 3.44 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 uV (Vf = 3.69 V)

  Zeners:
  ---------------------------------------------------------
  (All zeners of brand Temic.)

  BZX55/C2V7 (0.5W 2.7V):
  #1 @ 1mA: 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 1.0 0.88 0.85 0.86 0.87 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 1.0 0.81 0.72 0.72 1.1 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 uV (Vr = 2.03 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.91 0.88 0.87 0.86 0.85 uV (Vr = 2.50 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 1.1 0.80 0.77 0.73 0.71 uV (Vr = 3.02 V)

  BCX55/C3V9 (0.5W 3.9V):
  #1 @ 1mA: 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.94 9.76 0.84 0.79 0.77 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 uV (Vr = 3.17 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 uV (Vr = 3.83 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.97 0.78 0.86 0.76 0.77 uV (Vr = 4.45 V)

  BZX55/C5V6 (0.5W 5.6V):
  #1 @ 1mA: 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 uV (Vr = 5.68 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 uV (Vr = 5.77 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 uV (Vr = 5.81 V)

  BZX55/C6V2 (0.5W 6.2V):
  #1 @ 1mA: 9.0 8.9 8.9 8.9 8.9 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 9.4 9.4 9.3 9.3 9.3 uV (Vr = 6.31 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 3.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 uV (Vr = 6.33 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 2.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 uV (Vr = 6.38 V)

  BZX55/C6V8 (0.5W 6.8V):
  #1 @ 1mA: 16 16 16 16 16 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 21 21 21 21 21 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 5.8 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.6 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 25 25 25 25 25 uV (Vr = 6.93 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 13 13 13 13 13 uV (Vr = 6.96 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 4.6 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.4 uV (Vr = 7.00 V)
  (Rechecked both devices due to their inconsistent
  behaviour for 1 and 5mA).

  BCX55/C7V5 (0.5W 7.5V):
  #1 @ 1mA: 116 116 116 116 119 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 50 50 50 50 50 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 25 24 24 24 24 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 118 117 116 117 116 uV (Vr = 7.58 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 50 50 50 50 50 uV (Vr = 7.62 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 18 18 18 18 18 uV (Vr = 7.72 V)
  (The high readings seem to correlate with scope
  readings. These devices were possibly of a
  different brand.)

  8.2V (unknown brand, probably 0.5W):
  #1 @ 1mA: 108 109 109 109 109 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 49 49 48 48 48 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 15 15 14 14 14 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 108 107 107 106 106 uV (Vr = 7.93 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 39 39 39 39 39 uV (Vr = 7.97 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 14 13 13 13 13 uV (Vr = 8.10 V)

  BZX55/C12 (0.5W 12V):
  #1 @ 1mA: 0.35 0.37 0.37 0.39 0.39 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.30 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.25 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.32 uV (Vr = 11.32 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.32 0.26 uV (Vr = 11.37 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.25 0.26 0.28 0.24 0.30 uV (vr = 11.42 V)

  BZX85/C2V7 (1.3W 2.7V):
  #1 @ 1mA: 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.76 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.62 0.61 0.63 0.61 0.60 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.55 0.55 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.78 uV (Vr = 1.30 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.62 0.62 0.61 0.62 0.62 uV (Vr = 1.61 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.57 0.56 0.57 0.56 0.56 uV (Vr = 1.92 V)

  BZX85/C12 (1.3W 12V):
  #1 @ 1mA: 0.49 0.53 0.48 0.50 0.52 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.54 0.55 0.58 0.46 0.48 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.44 0.35 0.38 0.36 0.33 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 0.42 0.43 0.46 0.48 0.41 uV (Vr = 9.84 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.40 0.35 0.35 0.37 0.29 uV (Vr = 9.89 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.31 uV (Vr = 9.94 V)

  Miscellaneous:
  -----------------
  TL431 (Ref tied to cathode to work as 2.5V zener diode):
  #1 @ 1mA: 20 20 20 20 20 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 20 20 20 20 20 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 20 20 20 20 20 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 20 20 20 20 20 uV
  #2 @ 5mA: 20 20 20 20 20 uV
  #2 @ 20mA: 20 20 20 20 20 uV
  (No cheating, the measurements actually were so
  consistent.)

  TL431 (strapped as 5V ref. using two 1kOhm resistors):
  #1 @ 1mA: 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 41 41 41 41 41 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 42 42 42 42 42 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 uV
  #2 @ 5mA: 41 41 41 41 41 uV
  #2 @ 20mA: 42 42 42 42 42 uV

  BC549 BE diode forward biased:
  #1 @ 1mA: 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.24 0.23 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.22 0.20 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 0.23 0.23 0.25 0.24 0.24 uV (Vf = 0.73 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.22 uV (Vf = 0.78 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 0.21 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.21 uV (Vf = 0.86 V)

  BC549 BE diode reverse biased:
  #1 @ 1mA: 56 59 59 56 57 uV
  #1 @ 5mA: 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.4 uV
  #1 @ 20mA: 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.8 uV
  #2 @ 1mA: 60 56 54 52 50 uV (Vr = 8.33 V)
  #2 @ 5mA: 18 17 16 15 14 uV (Vr = 8.39 V)
  #2 @ 20mA: 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 4.8 uV (Vr = 8.68 V)

  EXPERIMENT 2
  ============

  TEST RIG
  --------

  Almost the same set up as in experiment 1, but one single current
  source was used with a 500 Ohm trim pot in series with 10 Ohm as
  emitter resistor.

  TEST METHOD
  -----------

  One or two devices of selected LED types were tested at currents
  2, 4, 6 and 8 mA with the purpose of spotting a tendency towards
  a noise optimum at some current. Depending on these results,
  measurements at certain other currents were sometimes added.
  In those cases where two devices were tested, device numbers may
  be swapped compared to experiment 1. Voltage drop was added to
  the tables in these measurements. As previously, five rms noise
  readings over 10 s each were taken.

  MEASUREMENTS
  ------------

  EL202HD (red):
  #1 1.5mA 1.86V Noise: 0.32 0.34 0.30 0.31 0.34 uV
  #1 2.0mA 1.87V Noise: 0.31 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.31 uV
  #1 3.0mA 1.90V Noise: 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.27 0.28 uV
  #1 4.0mA 1.92V Noise: 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.27 uV
  #1 5.0mA 1.94V Noise: 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.29 uV
  #1 6.0mA 1.96V Noise: 0.30 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.29 uV
  #1 8.0mA 1.99V Noise: 0.30 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.31 uV
  #1 10.0mA 2.03V Noise: 0.71 0.68 0.66 0.63 0.62 uV

  #2 2.0mA 1.88V Noise: 0.35 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 uV
  #2 3.0mA 1.90V Noise: 0.28 0.29 0.26 0.28 0.27 uV
  #2 4.0mA 1.92V Noise: 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.27 uV
  #2 5.0mA 1.94V Noise: 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.26 uV
  #2 6.0mA 1.95V Noise: 0.27 0.28 0.26 0.26 0.26 uV
  #2 8.0mA 1.98V Noise: 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.32 0.30 uV

  L934ID/B (red):
  #1 2.0mA 1.70V Noise: 0.28 0.25 0.28 0.25 0.27 uV
  #1 4.0mA 1.75V Noise: 0.43 0.27 0.25 0.27 0.26 uV
  #1 5.0mA 1.76V Noise: 0.39 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.24 uV
  #1 6.0mA 1.78V Noise: 0.27 0.31 0.25 0.27 0.25 uV
  #1 8.0mA 1.80V Noise: 0.34 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.32 uV

  EL204ID (orange-red):
  #1 2.0mA 1.71V Noise: 0.42 0.31 0.27 0.27 0.27 uV
  #1 4.0mA 1.76V Noise: 0.30 0.32 0.32 0.29 0.27 uV
  #1 5.0mA 1.78V Noise: 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.27 uV
  #1 6.0mA 1.80V Noise: 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.43 uV
  #1 7.0mA 1.82V Noise: 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.30 0.28 uV
  #1 8.0mA 1.83V Noise: 0.60 0.35 0.36 0.35 0.33 uV

  #2 2.0mA 1.71V Noise: 0.26 0.34 0.28 0.33 0.30 uV
  #2 4.0mA 1.76V Noise: 0.27 0.26 0.28 0.62 0.40 uV
  #2 5.0mA 1.78V Noise: 0.37 0.26 0.37 0.27 0.25 uV
  #2 6.0mA 1.80V Noise: 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.26 uV
  #2 7.0mA 1.81V Noise: 0.30 0.35 0.44 0.28 0.32 uV
  #2 8.0mA 1.82V Noise: 0.40 0.35 0.36 0.32 0.35 uV

  EL204YD (yellow):
  #1 1.5mA 1.83V Noise: 0.32 0.31 0.41 0.31 0.28 uV
  #1 2.0mA 1.85V Noise: 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.60 0.26 uV
  #1 3.0mA 1.88V Noise: 0.26 0.28 0.25 0.28 0.24 uV
  #1 4.0mA 1.90V Noise: 0.30 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.24 uV
  #1 5.0mA 1.92V Noise: 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.26 0.27 uV
  #1 6.0mA 1.93V Noise: 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.28 uV
  #1 8.0mA 1.96V Noise: 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.32 uV

  EL204GD (green):
  #1 2.0mA 1.89V Noise: 0.39 0.36 1.41 0.36 0.36 uV
  #1 4.0mA 1.95V Noise: 0.48 0.41 0.34 0.34 0.32 uV
  #1 5.0mA 1.97V Noise: 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.31 uV
  #1 6.0mA 1.99V Noise: 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.30 uV
  #1 7.0mA 2.02V Noise: 0.33 0.32 0.35 0.31 0.30 uV
  #1 8.0mA 2.04V Noise: 0.34 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.31 uV

  [ Szerkesztve ]

  Oh yeah!

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